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source: "Derivation of Gravitational Potential Energy" by Rhett Allain
Suppose an object starts an infinite distance from a moon and is dropped, falling towards the moon due to gravitational acceleration. What is the speed of the object when it is distance \(r\) from the moon?
The initial condition is
The force acting on the object is The work is calculated using W = \(\Delta E\) since the force changes. To find the cumulative work done on the object, integrate over all positions between \(\infty\) and \(r\) Substituting the gravitational force into Eq. \ref{eq:work as function of force}, Factor out the constants, which leads to Another definition of work is that it is the change in energy for a system: \(W = \Delta E \) Because the initial velocity was zero, the work here is Thus we can combine the two definitions of work to get The \(m_1\) cancels, leaving